Biopsy Procedures

Incisional / Punch Biopsy

Purpose:

To diagnose suspicious oral lesions, ulcers, or mucosal changes.

Common Indications:

  • White or red patches (leukoplakia, erythroplakia)
  • Non-healing ulcers
  • Oral lichen planus or pemphigus
  • Pigmented or thickened areas

Procedure Highlights:

  • Performed under local anesthesia
  • Quick and minimally invasive (5–15 minutes)
  • Tissue sent for histopathological analysis
  • Results typically available within 5–7 days

Why It Matters:

Early biopsy can detect precancerous or autoimmune conditions and guide appropriate treatment

Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy

Purpose:

To diagnose systemic autoimmune conditions affecting salivary glands.

Common Indications:

  • Suspected Sjogren’s Syndrome
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Amyloidosis
  • Chronic dry mouth with systemic symptoms

Procedure Highlights:

  • Small incision on the inner lip
  • Glands gently extracted under local anesthesia
  • No stitches usually required
  • Healing within 3–5 days

Why It Matters:

This biopsy helps confirm systemic diagnoses and supports long-term management of dry mouth and fatigue-related conditions.

Intra-lesional Injections

Purpose:

To treat localized oral lesions with targeted medication.

Common Indications:

  • Oral lichen planus
  • Aphthous ulcers
  • Mucous membrane pemphigoid
  • Keloid or fibrotic lesions

Procedure Highlights:

  • Medication (usually corticosteroids or immunomodulators) injected directly into the lesion
  • Reduces inflammation, pain, and lesion size
  • May require multiple sessions depending on response.

Why It Matters:

This approach minimizes systemic side effects and accelerates healing—especially for chronic, painful mucosal conditions.

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